Types of HVAC Chillers Explained: Water-Cooled, Air-Cooled, and Absorption Systems
Are you wondering about the most common types of chillers used in commercial HVAC systems? HVAC chillers are a key component of many large-scale heating and cooling systems in commercial and industrial applications. Understanding how they work can help you make informed decisions about energy efficiency, maintenance, and equipment longevity.
Chillers remove heat from a building by cooling water, which is then circulated to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. Knowing the main types of HVAC chillers will help you identify which system best fits your facility and ensures year-round comfort for building occupants.
1. Water-Cooled Chillers
Water-cooled chillers operate similarly to air-cooled systems but use water instead of air to dissipate heat from the condenser. Refrigerant is circulated through a water-piped system, absorbing heat from the building's water. The heat is then transferred to cooling towers, where water removes the heat to produce chilled water for distribution.
These systems are often installed in basements or on rooftops. Because cooling towers add significant weight, engineers must ensure that the building can structurally support a water-cooled chiller system. They are ideal for large buildings requiring consistent cooling and high efficiency.
2. Air-Cooled Chillers
Air-cooled chillers use axial fans to remove heat from the system by blowing it away from the condenser coils into the surrounding air. They operate on a closed-loop refrigerant cycle, similar to standard HVAC equipment, to absorb unwanted heat and maintain comfortable indoor temperatures.
These systems are popular because they require less maintenance than water-cooled chillers and eliminate the need for cooling towers. Air-cooled chillers are commonly used in medium-sized facilities, office buildings, and institutions where space or water availability is limited.
3. Absorption Chillers
Absorption chillers differ significantly from both water-cooled and air-cooled chillers. Instead of using mechanical energy, these chillers rely on heat energy—typically from waste heat or steam—to drive the cooling process. They use water as a refrigerant and ammonia or lithium bromide as the absorbent.
In this process, heat and absorbent interaction create a cooling cycle that produces chilled water for large-scale facilities. Since absorption chillers don't use compressors or conventional refrigerants, they are quieter and more sustainable.
These systems are particularly beneficial for hospitals, universities, and manufacturing plants where noise control and electrical load reduction are critical. They offer a sustainable solution for facilities seeking energy-efficient HVAC systems.
Atlanta's Commercial HVAC Experts for Chiller Repairs and Maintenance
That completes our guide on the different types of HVAC chillers. Estes Services is a trusted commercial HVAC contractor in Atlanta, offering expert chiller repair, maintenance, and replacement services for all types of HVAC equipment.
With over 76 years of experience, our licensed and NATE-certified technicians ensure your facility operates at peak performance. From routine maintenance to complex chiller system repairs, Estes Services keeps your building efficient and your occupants comfortable.
Contact Estes Services today to schedule commercial HVAC service in Atlanta. It's that Easy; It's Estes!
Frequently Asked Questions About HVAC Chillers
What is the main difference between air-cooled and water-cooled chillers?
Air-cooled chillers use fans to remove heat, while water-cooled chillers use cooling towers and water circulation to remove heat. Water-cooled systems are more efficient but require more maintenance and installation space.
How often should I schedule chiller maintenance?
We recommend scheduling professional chiller maintenance at least twice a year—once before the cooling season and once before heating season—to ensure optimal system performance.
Can Estes Services repair or replace my chiller system?
Yes! Our team of licensed commercial HVAC contractors provides complete chiller repair and replacement services across Atlanta for air-cooled, water-cooled, and absorption systems.
What type of chiller is best for my building?
The right chiller depends on your facility's size, energy efficiency goals, and budget. Our experts can assess your needs and recommend the best HVAC chiller system for long-term reliability and performance.
